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| 843 |
| | | The iconoclastic controversy ends when Theodora, widow of the emperor Theophilus, officially sanctions the veneration of icons | |
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| 843 |
| | | The division of western Europe into three kingdoms for the sons of Louis the Pious is agreed at Verdun, with lasting consequences | |
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| 843 |
| | | Kenneth king of the Scots is accepted also as king of the Picts, providing the traditional founding event of the kingdom of Scotland | |
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| 843 |
| | | The central Frankish kingdom, Francia Media, becomes one of the great fault lines of European history | |
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| 845 |
| | | On the orders of the T'ang emperor, 4000 monasteries are destroyed in China and 250,000 monks and nuns forced into secular life | |
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| c. 850 |
| | | Vikings are by now securely established in the Orkneys, Shetlands and Hebrides, and in much of the Scottish mainlaid down to Loch Ness | |
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| c. 850 |
| | | Strip-farming gives each member of the village a stake in the communal crop, while also sharing out the good land | |
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| c. 850 |
| | | As a gesture of unity, Kenneth MacAlpin brings to Scone (a Pictish royal site) a sacred coronation stone associated with the Scots | |
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| c. 850 |
| | | Communal gatherings, the thing and the larger althing, are the distant origins of Scandivian parliaments | |
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| c. 850 |
| | | The three-field system, introduced by the Franks, increases agricultural yield by 33%. | |
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